{"id":1689,"date":"2023-08-09T06:18:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T06:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2023-09-30T10:15:59","modified_gmt":"2023-09-30T10:15:59","slug":"stone-mechanic-laboratory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/en\/stone-mechanic-laboratory\/","title":{"rendered":"Rock Mechanics Laboratory"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1689\" class=\"elementor elementor-1689\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05f144f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"05f144f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9ce8d4 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d9ce8d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"944\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/photo6783365961-e1696068798793-944x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3942\" alt=\"\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0686\u06a9\u0634 \u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u062a\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/photo6783365961-e1696068798793-944x1024.jpg 944w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/photo6783365961-e1696068798793-277x300.jpg 277w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/photo6783365961-e1696068798793-768x833.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/photo6783365961-e1696068798793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc96b92 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc96b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arman Sanat Tadbir Andish Laboratory Complex consists of several sections, generally categorized into the Concrete and Building Materials Laboratory, Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Laboratory, Materials and Metallurgy Laboratory, Asphalt Laboratory, Rock Mechanics Laboratory, and more. In this section, we introduce the Rock Mechanics Laboratory.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e918c1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6e918c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6839b ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b6839b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rock Mechanics Laboratory Services of Arman Sanat Tadbir Andish<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8667ed0 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8667ed0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Construction and mining activities have dealt with rock since ancient times, and many infrastructure projects in the country\u2014such as dam construction, road building, and open-pit and underground mining\u2014are consistently faced with extensive rock operations. Determining the mechanical parameters of rock plays a key role in the proper design of these projects. Since field tests are not always easily feasible and involve high costs, laboratory tests remain the primary source for identifying rock properties.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeed72c elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eeed72c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b315833 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b315833\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rock Index Tests<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fb9bec ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fb9bec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><strong>Mass and Volume:<\/strong> For determining the mass of solid rock grains<\/li><li><strong>Moisture Content:<\/strong> Moisture content refers to the ratio of the weight of water present in the pores of a rock sample to the weight of the completely dried sample, expressed as a percentage.<\/li><li><strong>Density and Porosity:<\/strong> Porosity in rocks, defined as the ratio of the volume of void spaces between grains to the total volume, is an important factor in the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of the rock. Porosity arises due to various reasons, including formation conditions (primary porosity) and secondary processes such as weathering, metamorphism, mineral dissolution, recrystallization, and others (secondary porosity). In this test, porosity is quantitatively determined.<\/li><li><strong>Degree of Saturation :<\/strong>The ratio of the volume of water present in the rock to the total volume of void spaces represents the degree of saturation of the rock, which plays a significant role in determining the extent of water penetration into the structure.<\/li><li><strong>Bulk Density:<\/strong> Bulk density is usually measured in three states: total bulk density (\u03b3), dry bulk density...<sub>dry<\/sub>(\u03b3) and saturated bulk density (<sub>sat<\/sub>(\u03b3), and saturated bulk density (\u03b3). This parameter is one of the controlling factors of the pressure exerted on underground structures.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-781311d e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"781311d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4085f8c ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4085f8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3526\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-2.png 866w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-2-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-2-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c31ddc ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4c31ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"866\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3527\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-3.png 649w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-3-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd35ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dfd35ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35f3361 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"35f3361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70f2d76 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70f2d76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uniaxial Compressive Strength Test and Ductility Determination:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82b0504 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82b0504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The uniaxial compressive strength test is the most common laboratory test for rock mechanics studies on intact rock samples. In this test, the rock sample is placed inside a frame and subjected to loading by a suitably rated hydraulic jack. To ensure uniform, non-point loading, a spherical bearing is used on the sample. The loading continues at a controlled rate until the rock fails.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d91b5ac ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d91b5ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u062a\u06a9-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3534\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u062a\u06a9-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647.png 865w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u062a\u06a9-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u062a\u06a9-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f6a4ee elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5f6a4ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a0d33d ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a0d33d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Point Load Strength Test of Rock<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73cc429 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73cc429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This test is performed on rock cores in a diametral manner. The rock sample is fractured by applying a point load through a pair of conical jaws with spherical tips. At the moment of failure, the applied load is recorded by gauges, and then the point load index and the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock are determined. This device is portable and is a suitable tool for preliminary and field studies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c037131 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c037131\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647-\u0627\u06cc.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3539\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647-\u0627\u06cc.png 866w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647-\u0627\u06cc-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647-\u0627\u06cc-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beb44fb elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"beb44fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f779f ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22f779f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Triaxial Compressive Strength Test of Rock<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0197119 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0197119\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This test is used to simulate the triaxial stress conditions that rocks experience deep underground. The simplest method to apply triaxial stress to a rock sample in the laboratory is by using a Hoek cell, which applies hydraulic lateral pressure while the sample is simultaneously subjected to axial stress. By performing this test under different lateral stress levels, the rock\u2019s failure envelope is plotted, and based on it, the shear strength parameters\u2014cohesion and internal friction angle\u2014are determined.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7427b29 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7427b29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff11894 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff11894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3540\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc2.png 866w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc2-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc2-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15669bd ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"15669bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3542\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc-1.png 865w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc-1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0633\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc-1-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc3263e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fc3263e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04dbcd0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"04dbcd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45c2a7d ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45c2a7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tensile Strength Test of Rock<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f674a4 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f674a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Due to the difficulties in directly measuring the tensile strength of rock, the Brazilian test is commonly used for this purpose. In this test, disc-shaped samples are loaded diametrically between two jaws until a vertical tensile crack propagates and causes failure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3080d5 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f3080d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0628\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u06cc-e1695805866671.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3545\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-914d5b3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"914d5b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5f634d ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e5f634d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shear Strength of Joints<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4acb97c ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4acb97c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To obtain the shear parameters of joints, the shear strength test of joints is used. In this test, the shear strength of a sample along a predetermined discontinuity or weak plane is measured. The rock sample is fixed in plaster or cement, then placed between two jaws (one fixed and one movable). While subjected to a normal force, a horizontal shear force is applied. During the test, the normal and shear forces, as well as the corresponding displacements, are measured.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-133a65b ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"133a65b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0628\u0631\u0634-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3544\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0628\u0631\u0634-1.png 865w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0628\u0631\u0634-1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0628\u0631\u0634-1-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb6b7ba elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cb6b7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6241a4 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6241a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wave Velocity Test in Rock<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96d3f0d ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96d3f0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today, the use of dynamic methods to accurately and quickly estimate elastic constants in rock engineering is widely accepted. Since these tests are non-destructive, they have gained significant popularity.<\/p>\n<p>The method involves sending elastic waves into the sample and measuring the velocity of the waves within it. The wave velocity depends on the compressive and tensile strength of the rock, or generally, the quality of the rock.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71524ed e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71524ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15df115 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"15df115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"562\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3547\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9-1.png 562w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9-1-169x300.png 169w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fc375c ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fc375c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"866\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3546\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9-2.png 649w, https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9-2-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d962d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"16d962d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d636ea3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d636ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f7db35 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f7db35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Schmidt Rebound Hardness Test (Schmidt Hammer)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06ecf06 ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06ecf06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This testing method is used to determine rock hardness using the Schmidt hammer, either in the field or in the laboratory.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df8ffed ahura-dark-mode-filter-texts-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"df8ffed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"866\" src=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0686\u06a9\u0634-\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u062a.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3543\" alt=\"\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u06af\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtsahand.co.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/\u0686\u06a9\u0634-\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u062a.png 649w, 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